Practise of Medicine in Ancient Egypt

The doctors were highly respected in ancient Egyptian society, even by modern standards their practice was a mixture of true science, quackery and superstition magic trick pass. Ancient Egyptian physicians had a high international reputation in their time and they were in great demand by kings and princes outside the borders of Egypt. A papyrus account from the period Rammesid tells a story of "Prince of Bakhten" (Hittite king) who sent an appeal to His Majesty the King of Egypt because of Bentrach, his daughter, who was hit by a disease which caused its members to twitch violently. Pharaoh graciously sent a scribe of the "House of Life" to go to Bakhten and attend the daughter of the Hittite king.
Egyptian medicine was the exclusive domain of priests. The ancient physicians were mostly priests of the Serket gods, Neith and Ra-Atum. They cultivated herb gardens to provide medication. It was dedicated to the goddess Neith at Sais temple with a faculty of medicine and a herbarium which produced various herbs and plant products such as castor oil, mandrake, dill, cumin, staghorn and coriander.
Medical papyri of ancient Egypt dates back to the Old Kingdom. The ancient Egyptians revered tradition and the oldest medical papyrus or method of treatment was greater authority assigned to it.
How reliable was serving Egyptian doctors?
We know that ancient Egyptian physicians were qualified quacks (a practice still very developed among indigenous doctors in many parts of Africa). Ancient Egyptian physicians were familiar with antiseptic herbs and ointments they used very effective in the treatment of wounds and cuts which they dressed with bandages and poultices.
Their biggest area of ​​weakness was in internal medicine, obviously, remained largely a mystery to them. Here, they returned to spells, incantations and magic formulas. Most of the time the service was over the doctor's threat to life and health of the patient and the disease itself. The clinic doctor included a bizarre collection of "drug" as the lizard blood, feces toads and frogs, the wings of bats, snail viscera and mud disposal, breast milk and menstrual blood of the Virgin.
These evil concoctions were usually made with magical incantations and other strange maneuvers. However, not all darkness ancient Egyptian physicians in the field of internal medicine. They were aware of the importance of cardiac function. Historians have often expressed their surprise at the ignorance of the ancient Egyptian physician abdominal organs such as the liver, kidneys and pancreas, given the development of the art and practice of embalming in ancient Egypt . However, it was stressed that the Egyptian embalmers were generally not doctors and physicians are generally not embalmers. The opportunity for cross-fertilization of ideas and knowledge between the two professions was limited to occupations usually jealously guarded their knowledge and skills lay.
Herodotus commented on the great concern of the ancient Egyptians for their health. "They take care of their health with emetic and purgative they use three consecutive days each month and they believe that all evil comes from ingested food."
Despite their limited ancient Egyptian physicians treated to specialize knowledge. According to Herodotus, there were healers eyes, stomach and bones. There were specialized gynecologists mainly dealing with infertility problems that practice records show that most of it was dangerous and that "Gynecologists" could be considered frankly threat to the health of their patients.
The ancient Egyptians were also interested in aesthetic medicine, as indicated by a papyrus style: Book of Transforming an old man in a young man of twenty.

Ashraf Barsbay Mosque

On the corner of Nahasiyeen (Nahhasin) and muski streets stands the Ashraf Barsbay complex. The resort overlooks the spice souk nearby where piled mounds of herbs, roots and spices still attract buyers. Local residents spice souk more commonly referred to the monument as "al-Ashrafîya.A Mamluk slave "of Caucasian descent king Barsbay ruled Egypt for 16 years, bringing stability to a state where a leader rarely lasted five years before being overthrown. Turning the trade of certain spices in a state monopoly Barsbay Sultan was able to use the profits to finance a large part of its construction as well as military campaigns abroad. Barsbay maintained a strong navy and conquered the island of Cyprus in 1426, forcing Lusignan, where the descendants of Crusader kings of Jerusalem were to honor him.The mosque, built in 1425, with its aliasing fleur-de-lis and sculpted stone pepperpot dome is typical of Mamluk architecture later. It actually consists of the mosque / madrasa with Sabil-Kuttab and adjoining mausoleum.This institute was dedicated to Sufi who wanted to study the four rites of Islamic law as a structure of traditional madrasa.It is built on a very classically cross plan (cross) with four Liwans around a central courtyard. Control the thickness of the stone the windows of the East, it is clear that the inner and outer walls of the mosque are not parallel. By the 15th century, some great sites were left in the city and new buildings had to be installed in irregular patches of land. But the Mamluk rulers of the order of thirst, went to great lengths to achieve a semblance of regularity.The Golden Roof (now sadly decayed) of the western porch still gives an idea of ​​refinement of decorative art at the time.In the main inscription around the vaulted Liwans is interesting because it is a rare example of (staffing) waqf deed carved in stone as a perpetual reminder of his supervisors how funds earmarked for maintenance and The resort staff were meant to be spent.There are several architectural features that are worth mentioning. These include the ceiling in the northwest Iwan, which was partially restored a few years ago and has a rich tapestry of gold and blue, with wood, inlaid minbar.It has been suggested that there is no mihrab in the mausoleum of the madrasa, as accommodating it would leave no room for a window on al-Mu'izz Street, which would have deprived the grave of his critical eye contact with the street. The mihrab, a very decorative feature that highlights the religious character of the mausoleum, is replaced here by the blessings of passersby.The Sabil-Kuttab is next to the entrance gate at the south end of the facade of the building. In the long corridor that connects the main entrance of the court, on the left is an alcove facing a latticework screen that hides the tank where the water for the Sabil-Kuttab was stored.The mosque on the side of the street is the mausoleum of the wife and son of Barsbay (Barsbay himself is buried in the City of the Dead.). In front of the mausoleum is a piece created especially for readers of the Koran.

What You Need to Know Before Booking a Trip to Enchanting Egypt

Few places in the world have captured the imagination of millions of travelers that Egypt has over the years. The land of ancient kings and queens known for their majestic monuments and contributions to the history of architecture, Egypt is definitely a tourist destination not to be missed by all those who wish to travel to exotic destinations worldwide. Unlike other travel destinations, or the wonders in Egypt are not concentrated in one area, instead, visitors can actually choose a plethora of attractions and destinations which truly make for a memorable vacation style of Egypt. For example, you can visit Giza and other sites where the ancient pyramids are located or choose to go on a romantic cruise the Nile in Egypt to experience replacement. Here are some things you need to know you want to book a trip to enchanting Egypt.
Legal obligationIn addition to booking a hotel in advance, the first thing you need is a passport that is valid for at least 6 months after you book your holiday. There are basically two types of visas available: an entry visa and a tourist visa. Of the two, you are required to obtain the tourist visa, which is valid for three months from the date of issue, this type of visa is accepted if you want to take a cruise on the Nile in Egypt for a few days. Upon arrival in Egypt, you can get a visa at all major entry points and airports. To avoid unexpected problems, however, it is advised that you get your visa at the Egyptian embassy in your country. While in the Egyptian branch of diplomatic and consular missions in your country, you can also get a list of accredited travel agencies that can help you plan your route.
Plan a routeAs with any trip, be it local or abroad a route keeps the tour. By being organized, visitors can actually maximize their vacation. There are many things you can do in Egypt. First, as mentioned, you can choose a luxury cruise on the Nile in Egypt and explore the Nile aboard a luxury ship or floating hotel. This experience provides many activities that you can meet in a land hotel. For history buffs, they can plan tours to visit famous sites that offer a glimpse into the lives of ancient kings and queens and the culture of one of the greatest civilizations that ever existed, some say c is the only way that visitors really unique style of holiday in Egypt.
Pack the essential things you needDepending on your itinerary, you might have to pack some essential items to help you avoid some inconvenience during the holidays. If you plan to spend hours on visiting the Egyptian desert on foot, you might have to pack items to help you beat the heat, a good hat, sunscreen, water holder and a comfortable pair walking shoes. On the other hand, if you go on a cruise on the Nile in Egypt, you can pack similar items as you would for a regular room.
Finally, to think about the local customs and traditions that you interact with people. Egyptians can be quite conservative, so it is best to act with a little reserve. Have a safe trip!

Egypt 25th January Revolution Message To The Whole World

January 25, 2011, the whole of Egypt was taken by surprise, young and old, rich and poor, the civilian and the military and especially President Hosni Mubarak. Nobody could really believe that these events have brought together such a force. However, the demonstrations, which then became the revolution, was launched by the Egyptian youth after several years of protesting on social networks like Facebook and Twitter. In previous years there were small demonstrations, but especially after the recent false parliamentary elections it was obvious that corruption has increased and the protest groups became larger, exploded on January 25 that the revolution throughout Egypt It was time to change things rather than hope.
So the only way the youth voice could be heard through social media - in the form of media that could not be controlled by anyone - least of all Hosni Mubarak. Of course,
Egyptians everywhere were demanding more freedom, the elimination of corruption in the heart of all government departments, the regime change in the country which included Mubarak to step down and removing the interior minister precisely because of the arrest and detention of politicians. We asked that the emergency law is canceled so that the police have the power to stop any person they choose for any reason they choose. The biggest change was called for changing the constitution so that it can be candidates themselves to become president other than the son of the former president. This demand was met after a few days of protests. Once the protestors realized that their demands could really be met and their voices were really heard there was no stopping them and the protests became more numerous and power. The young man asked a lot and got it. This year, the heavens were opened, and they got more than they could ever have dreamed possible.
Little did people all over Egypt know that the things they hoped were about to be realized. Little else knew that hope and despair, frustration and anger, purpose and destiny were all boiling in the pot together and January 25 pot would overflow and spill into the streets for the world to view.
This has created a new face of Egypt. A face, which shows expression rather than hides. A smiling face deep by the changes and what it will mean for our children and our children's children. A face with eyes that sparkle with hope and joy. A face that can look to see what changes are needed and can now talk about the changes to come up with a voice that speaks on behalf of those who have no voice. The old face of Egypt showed powerlessness, poverty and despair to many that their country would never change so they can enjoy the freedoms that many other countries have. The new face of Egypt was like a woman giving birth: painful, messy, long and tiring and sadly with much bloodshed. But the baby is born - the future Egypt has arrived. A new era begins.
So what has been achieved at the beginning of this new era? President Hosni Mubarak has changed all his cabinet ministers and the constitution was amended so that anyone can choose to stand for election. Justice has been served on the Minister of the Interior and all other corrupt ministers who are now the subject of legal proceedings. There were also many other political reforms, eg the Egyptian parliament will be elected in a free election with international control - without this protest Egypt would have stood under the dark clouds of control for maybe another 30 years and more. Changes in Egypt through the original youth protests have also secured democracy for the people across the broader Middle East: similar constitutional changes have occurred in China, Jordan and Yemen. Syria and Bahrain have also started to realize that show Egyptians across the country reached in 2 weeks.
With this event, Egypt will become, and it's already such a democratic society where the voices of the people determine what Egypt will become and again. The strength of the ancient civilization is wound up like a phoenix from the ashes. Egypt will take its proper position in the world today - will we not retained.
So we invite you today not only a country of ancient civilization with pharaohs, tombs and pyramids, but also a land of Egyptian youth, freedom and democracy where you can feel the heartbeat of people who set a new sound - the sound of freedom.

Shopping in Egypt

Shopping in Egypt presents a bewildering array of choices. In Egypt, south, you get the Nubian crafts and gifts. In the east and west of Egypt, you can get the Bedouin options. On 3 souks (Aswan, Luxor and Cairo), Aswan can be rated the best. Although Khan Al-Khalili in Cairo is the largest. Even stores the sea, Dahab, have interesting purchases.
If you are looking for specialties like the Nubian or Bedouin work, it is best to pick up in the local souks, instead of Khan Al-Khalili. Not only is it the best choice available in the local souks, prices are also much cheaper than Cairo.
If you plan to visit factories - perfume, alabaster, papyrus, carpets, etc., remember not to be forced to buy anything. The visit of these plants can be good, as they explain how these products are made, but there are many hard-sell. If you are uncomfortable, make sure you let your guide know you do not want to go .... it is quite correct to do so. If you visit, but do not be tempted to buy something, you can leave a tip behind for factory / the person who showed you the event, as a gesture of appreciation.
In the souks, bargain hard. It can be especially difficult for those who are not used to trading. Make your offer, what you feel is a fair price. Remember to start a little below your final price, as you finally speed up your offer a bit. If it is not viable for the merchant, he will refuse. On foot, or you think that its final offer and come back later ..... Most of the time, this is the case and they call after you. If the trader had really quoted the lowest price, it will not remember .... then you can decide later if you want to return or not. Do not feel guilty about haggling ..... but remember - negotiate politely and with a smile ..... This can not grudge. Nobody will ever sell something below cost for a loss (contrary to what they may tell you to sell it). You can get most of the purchases for almost 1/4th the price shown. Another trick is to use to ask your hotel staff for the prices of some items, such as hats, t-shirts, mouse, key chains, jewelry etc. In this way, you have an idea- hand, and negotiate accordingly.
Toilets:
Many toilets are squat guy. Western toilets are also increasingly common, especially in larger towns and cities. Do not expect the toilets are very clean. Keep a lot of toilet paper on hand or disinfectant wipes to wipe the toilet seats. If you know the trick to use a squat toilet, it is more hygienic because you will not share a seat with thousands of others. Wear a bit of liquid soap / paper too, as it is non-existent in these toilets.
In many bathrooms, it is expected that you pay a small fee - THE 50 piastres 1 should suffice. Some agents dole toilet a small wad of toilet paper when you go in. ... but you can never be sure. All toilets will be water, either a tap or a projection device, for washing.
While traveling or going from site to clean site, all toilet breaks. In remote areas, it may be awhile before you get on the toilet door.
A small request - many toilets are blocked, not because of the absence of hot flashes, but because tourists try to flush toilet paper because they are probably used elsewhere. It does not work here ...... Egyptian plumbing lines are not designed to take charge huge amounts of toilet paper being thrown into. All toilets have a trash ..... please take the paper in it. There are signs to this effect introduced in many places, but many people pay no attention to it. Please do your part to keep the toilets clean and working for other people.
I am a senior professor of Sustainable Tourism Management at the Faculty of tourism and hospitality. I worked in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, I worked with many organizations in the private sector and the public sector on the tourism board in terms of strategies for tourism and recreation, the feasibility

The Exciting Egypt Tourism

Welcome to one of the ancient civilization of the world where tourism is the most important sector in the economy. If attention to statistics we wear, it does not go unnoticed that more than 12.9 million tourists visited Egypt in 2010, providing revenues of nearly $ 10 billion. In addition, tourism in Egypt employs about 12% of the total population of the country.
The present time is undoubtedly an exciting time tour in Egypt when a number of positive changes occur that provide tourists with more daring and new choices to help make the holiday enjoyable. It was also proved that perhaps the safest for tourism in Egypt since the early 20th century period is. In addition, the current exchange rates are very favorable at this point.
Tourists visit Egypt for probably a hundred reasons. The major bulk of the tourists come from a number of European countries mainly for beach holidays cheap. These tourists often come in large groups through charter companies. For most of them, it's just the least expensive to take a relaxing holiday at the beach in a beautiful resort in Sinai and along the coast of the Red Sea in Egypt means.
The main source of tourism in Egypt and certainly the most lucrative is the classic "tourist", which is specially in Egypt to visit the pyramids and other monuments. Although beach lovers can also extent of their homes and go and classic tours, they usually follow a more defined route of Cairo along the Nile to Aswan.
Then there are different types of specialized circuits that are being oriented religious evidence. It focuses on the visit of a number of old churches and follows the route of the Holy Family or the biblical Exodus. These visits can drastically visit several churches and monasteries while making a stop at one or two major attractions of Egypt. Religious tours are not just limited to Christians and hordes of Muslims from Egypt to pay a visit to old mosques that are sacred to Islam.
One of the modern aspects of Egyptian tourism is luxury cruises along the longest river Nile. These cruises vary considerably, but typical Nile cruise is either three, four or seven nights. Shorter generally operate in Luxor and Aswan for longer cruises further north to Dendera, offering day trips on the ground in the most remote areas. These cruises take place aboard luxury liners Dahabeya or traditional almost all the accommodations of a hotel on earth. These also include performances of Nubia, cocktails, belly dancers as costume parties where guests don traditional apparels.
Egyptians are people who really enjoy sharing their enigmatic past with others and certainly not as good as time is now to visit this land of enchantment!

Why Egypt Is Still a Hot Family Destination

If you have not heard of the political crisis currently affecting Egypt, you must be living under a rock. The transition from dictatorship to democracy has been anything but smooth for the Egyptian people and worse for tourism. Holidays in Egypt were once a must for most vacationers with a visit to the ancient pyramids number one on the to do list. The political turmoil has slowed considerably the trade but as vacationers seek to avoid holiday hell. However, this lack of confidence is not well founded in 2012. Despite the military closed the pyramids back in 2011 and the massive cancellation of towers, pyramids are now very open and political demonstrations are rare and far between. Vacationers who have visited Egypt since the beginning of the unrest have not, for the most part, not been affected. Indeed, with the negatives in tourism, tour operators have pushed Egypt with huge discounts and fantastic deals to recoup their losses in 2011. This might be one of the best times to go while prices are low and tour operators are on their guard. With the unstable situation, security is even tighter and local guides have tried to ensure that their customers are protected. It goes without saying that local people depend heavily on tourism and it is in their interest to take care of yourself as much as possible.
So a family in Egypt is always a safe option, especially if you're heading south from Cairo. You can see the pyramids in one day and fly straight out of job posting in Cairo. One of the most fabulous places in Egypt must be Luxor, home to the Valley of the Kings. Here you can take your family on a hot air balloon ride over ancient ruins, ride in a carriage pulled by horses into the valley and see the mighty temple of Karnak. Heading west from Luxor to the Nile River, you can hop aboard a felucca and sail on the mighty river. Daily life is going to happen when you contemplate on the banks of the river and the felucca owners are generally very happy people Egyptians eager to please and show you their beautiful country. Looking to Hurghada and west, you will find the Red Sea complex family. This is all about diving, swimming and dolphins. From the sea, you can head inside a camel to explore the vast desert. The desert is home to lush oasis, world famous marine life and pristine coral banks. You can try diving and sand boarding or take a 4WD drive through the dry plains. In Dahab you can enjoy kayaking, hiking to the top of Mount Sinai to watch the sunrise and diving.
Your family holiday in Egypt does not need to be affected by political events anyway and the people of Egypt rely on your tourism to survive. The newly elected president, Mohammed Mursi, recently began the long process of building democracy and rebuilding the economy. Tourism plays an important role in this area and the travel industry is behind the movement to revive the holiday train in Egypt. There is optimism in the air and your family can play outside in the new future of Egypt.